Past

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  • past: beside
  • past: in the past, over with
  • past: passed
  • past Eve: after evening → this may indicate that FW begins (on the narrative level) at night as the innkeeper falls asleep (see John Bishop, Joyce's Book of the Dark)
  • past Eve and → "pa stEvean, i.e. the death of Joyce's "pa" (John Stanislaus Joyce, died 29 December 1931) and the birth of his grandson "stEvean" (Stephen Joyce, born 15 February 1932), as joined together in Joyce's poem "Ecce Puer": "A child is sleeping: An old man gone"; so in a more general sense, the cycle of dying and being born again. (Observation made by Hugh Kenner and related by Brenda Maddox.)
  • past Eve and Adam → Pa (Leopold Bloom), Stephen (Stephen Dedalus) and a dam (Molly Bloom)
  • pa: Giambattista Vico, The New Science ¶ 448: "It seems likely that, when the first lightning bolts had awakened the wonder of humankind, Jupiter's exclamations called forth the first human exclamation, the syllable pa."
  • riverrun, past Eve: "liv amhrán, pa! son of Stephen". Illiad: "Achilles sing, O Goddess! Peleus' son" ( Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληιάδεω Ἀχιλῆος )